Determinan Adopsi Artificial Intelligence dan Dampaknya terhadap Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Manusia: A Systematic Literature Review
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi adopsi Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM) serta menganalisis kontribusinya terhadap optimalisasi sumber daya manusia melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menelaah 20 artikel ilmiah peer-reviewed yang diterbitkan pada periode 2023–2026 dan diperoleh dari berbagai basis data akademik. Seleksi artikel dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan adopsi AI dalam MSDM dipengaruhi oleh empat determinan utama, yaitu faktor teknologi, organisasi, sumber daya manusia, serta lingkungan dan etika. Implementasi AI terbukti mampu meningkatkan efektivitas rekrutmen, manajemen talenta, perencanaan tenaga kerja, efisiensi operasional, serta kualitas pengambilan keputusan berbasis data sehingga mendukung optimalisasi sumber daya manusia. Namun demikian, kesiapan organisasi, kompetensi digital karyawan, tata kelola AI yang bertanggung jawab, serta perlindungan privasi dan aspek etika masih menjadi tantangan utama dalam implementasinya. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi organisasi dalam merancang strategi adopsi AI yang berkelanjutan serta menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan penelitian selanjutnya mengenai model adopsi AI yang lebih terintegrasi pada berbagai konteks organisasi.
This study aims to identify the determinants influencing the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM) and examine its contribution to Human Resource Optimization through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The study reviewed 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2023 and 2026, retrieved from major academic databases. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings reveal that successful AI adoption in HRM is influenced by four major determinants: technological, organizational, human, and environmental-ethical factors. Effective AI implementation enhances recruitment, talent management, workforce planning, operational efficiency, and data-driven decision-making, thereby supporting Human Resource Optimization. However, organizational readiness, employee digital competencies, responsible AI governance, data privacy, and ethical considerations remain significant challenges for sustainable AI implementation. These findings provide practical insights for organizations in developing effective AI adoption strategies while offering a foundation for future studies to develop more comprehensive AI adoption frameworks across diverse organizational contexts.
Kata kunci: Artificial Intelligence; Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia; Adopsi AI; Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Manusia; Systematic Literature Review.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37531/bijac.v7i2.12333
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