Strategi Manajemen Transisi Indonesia Menuju Net Zero Emission: Tantangan Tata Kelola, Kebijakan Dekarbonisasi, dan Integrasi Biochar dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Rijali Noor, Nova Annisa

Sari


Komitmen global dalam mengatasi perubahan iklim telah mendorong berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia, untuk menetapkan target Net Zero Emission (NZE) sebagai bagian dari strategi pembangunan rendah karbon dan berkelanjutan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis arah pembangunan roadmap Indonesia menuju NZE dalam konteks dinamika global, mengidentifikasi peran dan tantangan utama dalam pencapaian target tersebut, serta mengkaji peluang pemanfaatan biochar sebagai salah satu pendekatan berbasis lingkungan untuk mendukung pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca. Kajian dilakukan melalui pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan menelaah berbagai kebijakan, literatur ilmiah, serta perkembangan strategi dekarbonisasi pada tingkat nasional dan global. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian NZE di Indonesia memerlukan transformasi sistemik di sektor energi, industri, transportasi, kehutanan, pertanian, serta pengelolaan limbah. Tantangan utama meliputi ketergantungan pada energi fosil, kebutuhan investasi dan teknologi rendah karbon, konsistensi regulasi, kesiapan infrastruktur, serta koordinasi lintas sektor. Dalam konteks tersebut, biochar memiliki potensi strategis karena mampu menyimpan karbon dalam jangka panjang, meningkatkan kualitas dan kesuburan tanah, memanfaatkan limbah biomassa, serta mendukung ekonomi sirkular. Integrasi pengembangan biochar ke dalam strategi mitigasi perubahan iklim, pengelolaan limbah biomassa, dan pertanian berkelanjutan dapat menjadi salah satu instrumen pendukung untuk mempercepat pencapaian NZE. Oleh karena itu, roadmap Indonesia menuju NZE perlu dibangun melalui pendekatan terintegrasi yang mengombinasikan transisi energi, inovasi teknologi, pengelolaan sumber daya alam berkelanjutan, dan pengembangan solusi berbasis karbon, seperti biochar, untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang rendah karbon, tangguh, dan berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: net zero emission; biochar; dekarbonisasi; perubahan iklim; ekonomi sirkular; pembangunan berkelanjutan.

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37531/mirai.v12i1.12810

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