Determinan Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia: Analisis Data Panel dalam Mendukung Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Fernando Adi Prasetyo, Sitti Retno Faridatussalam

Abstract


Environmental quality is a key indicator for achieving sustainable development in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effects of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, population density, deforestation, and the Food Security Index (FSI) on the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using panel data covering 38 provinces from 2019 to 2024. Panel data regression was applied, with the Fixed Effect Model selected as the most appropriate model based on the Chow and Hausman tests. The results reveal that GRDP per capita, population density, and the Food Security Index have positive and significant effects on environmental quality, while deforestation has a negative but statistically insignificant effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.3865 indicates that 38.65% of the variation in environmental quality is explained by the variables included in the model. These findings suggest that improving environmental quality requires integrated policies encompassing economic growth, demographic management, food security, and sustainable natural resource management. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 2, 8, 11, 13, and 15.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v9i2.12644

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