Determinan Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia: Analisis Data Panel dalam Mendukung Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Fernando Adi Prasetyo, Sitti Retno Faridatussalam

Abstract


Kualitas lingkungan hidup menjadi salah satu indikator penting dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) per kapita, kepadatan penduduk, deforestasi, dan Indeks Ketahanan Pangan (IKP) terhadap Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup (IKLH) di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data panel yang mencakup 38 provinsi selama periode 2019–2024. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan model Fixed Effect sebagai model terbaik berdasarkan uji Chow dan uji Hausman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDRB per kapita, kepadatan penduduk, dan IKP berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IKLH, sedangkan deforestasi berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,3865 menunjukkan bahwa variasi kualitas lingkungan hidup dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel dalam model sebesar 38,65%. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kualitas lingkungan hidup memerlukan kebijakan yang mengintegrasikan aspek ekonomi, demografi, ketahanan pangan, dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Selain itu, hasil penelitian mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), khususnya SDG 2, SDG 8, SDG 11, SDG 13, dan SDG 15.

Kata Kunci: Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup, PDRB Per Kapita, Deforestasi, Ketahanan Pangan, Data Panel

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v9i2.12678

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